Here is some of the information I recently shared in the August newsletter. Each newsletter has a specific focus.  This newsletter is focused on cupping. If you would be interested in receiving my newsletters, which include links to the studies as well as special offers and sales coupons, please head over to my contact page and sign up.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

  1. Dry needling vs Trigger Point Compression vs cupping
  2. Dry needling vs dry cupping at Upper Trapezius muscle
  3. Stretching vs static and dynamic cupping on lumbar ROM
  4. Dry cupping in female with chronic plantar fasciitis
  5. Ear acupuncture plus dry cupping for chronic back pain
  6. Aerobic exercise vs cupping on cardiovascular disease factors

STUDIES and ARTICLES

1. An oral presentation titled Comparing the Effectiveness of Different Modalities for Myofascial Pain Relief: A  systematic review, published in ScholarWorks University of Montana in 2022, concludes: Dry Needling and Trigger Point Compression were both shown to decrease pain in short-term periods. However…Dry Needling was the only examined modality able to provide pain relief in both short-term and long-term periods. There is a lack of literature supporting cupping.

2.  A study titled Comparison of the effectiveness of dry needling with dry cupping at upper Trapezius muscle in patients with myofascial trigger points, published in International Journal of Endorsing Health Science Research in May 2021 concludes:  Both treatment methods effectively treat myofascial trigger points. There was no significant difference between the two groups.

3. A study titled The effects of stretching versus static and dynamic cupping on lumbar range of motion: a randomized control trial, published in Orthopedic Physical Therapy Practice in Jan 2022 concludes:  Static and dynamic cupping to the lumbar paraspinal muscles was not more effective than stretching at increasing lumbar ROM.

4. A study titled Effects of dry cupping therapy on pain, dynamic balance and functional performance in young female with recreational runners chronic plantar fasciitis, published in Sport Orthopaedics and Traumatology in Jun 2022 concludes: Findings suggested a significant improvement in parameters of pain, dynamic balance, and functional performance. However, these improvements were found to be significantly greater with the addition of dry cupping therapy to the conventional treatment.

5. A study titled Effects of Ear Acupuncture plus Dry Cupping on Activities and Quality of Life in the Adults with Chronic Back Pain; a randomized trial, published in Journal Acupuncture Meridian Studies in Apr 2022 concludes:  Ear acupuncture combined with dry cupping showed better results in terms of perception of quality of life and satisfaction with health when compared to ear acupuncture by itself.

6. A study titled Comparison of aerobic exercise and cupping methods on serum levels of fibrinogen, LDL and HDL as cardiovascular disease factors in postmenopausal women, published in Yafteh Lorestan University of Medical Sciences in 2022 concludes: cupping therapy and aerobic physical activity are effective factors in reducing the levels of fibrinogen and LDL and increasing HDL in postmenopausal women. Exercise may have better effects on decreasing fibrinogen and blood lipids, compared to cupping therapy.

Here is some of the information I recently shared in the July newsletter. Each newsletter has a specific focus.  This newsletter is focused on chronic pain conditions. If you would be interested in receiving my newsletters, which include links to the studies as well as special offers and sales coupons, please head over to my contact page and sign up.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

  1. Aerobic exercise for pain intensity
  2. Effect of Curcumin on Neuroinflammation
  3. Melatonin moderates chronic pain, sleep architecture and immunometabolism
  4. Ketamine for treatment of chronic pain
  5. Effectiveness of MFR on pain, sleep and quality of life
  6. Effects of Vitamin D on pain severity
  7. Reflexology for Fibromyalgia
  8. Effect of acupuncture for fibromyalgia
  9. Effectiveness of reformer pilates for fibromyalgia
  10.  Infrared radiation for chronic pain

STUDIES and ARTICLES

1. An article titled Aerobic Physical Exercise for Pain Intensity, Aerobic Capacity, and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis published in Journal of Physical Activity and Health in Aug 2021 concludes: Aerobic exercise is a nonpharmacological therapeutic option for treatment (of chronic pain). Also, aerobic capacity and endurance improved when this type of exercise was prescribed, thus resulting in a substantial improvement in the quality of life of people suffering from chronic pain.

2.  An article titled Mechanistic Insight into the Effects of Curcumin on Neuroinflammation-Driven Chronic Pain, published in Pharmaceuticals  in August 2021, reviews and details the role of curcumin in microglia and astrocytes both in vitro and in vivo and how it improved pain.

3. An article titled Melatonin Moderates the Triangle of Chronic Pain, Sleep Architecture and Immunometabolic Traffic, published in Biomedicines in Aug 2021, details and reviews current literature relevant for the shared pathways of sleep, pain, and immunometabolism and elaborates the impact of melatonin on the crossroad of sleep, chronic pain, and immunometabolism.

4. A review titled Ketamine for the Treatment of Chronic Pain: A Comprehensive Review published in Health Psychology Research in 2021 highlights the use of ketamine for: neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, complex regional pain syndrome, phantom limb pain, cancer pain, and post-thoracotomy pain syndrome.

5. A study titled Effectiveness of myofascial release on pain, sleep, and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: A systematic review published in Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice in November 2021 concludes: moderate evidence for the effect of therapist-administered and self-myofascial release in improving pain, sleep subscales, and quality of life against sam and no treatment, respectively, in fibromyalgia syndrome patients

6. A study, titled  Effects of Vitamin D on Pain severity, Quality of Life, Depression and Sleep in Patients with Fibromyalgia published in Medicine International Istanbul Hastanesi in 2021 concludes: Vitamin D deficiency may be a factor associated with symptom severity, sleep and wakefulness problems, and physical function in FMS. Therefore, serum 25OHD status should be evaluated in patients with FMS and its importance in treatment management should not be ignored.

7. A study titled The effect of Reflexology in patients with Fibromyalgia, published in Signa Vitae (Anesthesiology Department, Pain and Palliative Care Center Aretaeion Hospital, University of Athens, Athens Greece) in Feb 2020 concludes:  Reflexology may be beneficial as add-on treatment in patients with Fibromyalgia who are unable to receive the recommended dosages of their medication (pregabalin).

8. A study titled The effects of acupuncture in fibromyalgia: integrative review published in April 2020 in BrJP Sao Paulo concludes: studies suggest that acupuncture is effective for the treatment of pain in patients with fibromyalgia, with improved quality of life and positive interference in sleep.

9.  A study titled Investigation of effectiveness of reformer pilates in individuals with fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial published in Reumatlogía Clínical in Feb 2022 concludes: reformer pilates exercises had positive effects on clinical status and muscle strength while home mat pilates exercises had positive effects on the number of painful regions, clinical status, biopsychosocial status and physical component quality of life.

10.  An article titled Infrared Radiation in the Management of Musculoskeletal Conditions and Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review published in European Journal of Investigation Health, Psychology and Education in Mar 2022 concludes: based on findings of our review, we noted a decrease in pain levels, decrease in Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire scores.

 

Here is some of the information I recently shared in the February newsletter. Each newsletter has a specific focus.  This newsletter is focused on cupping. If you would be interested in receiving my newsletters, which include links to the studies as well as special offers and sales coupons, please head over to my contact page and sign up.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

  1. Cupping for post-herpetic neuralgia
  2. Active movement decompression vs Static decompression
  3. Pressure ranges of Fire cupping method
  4. Cupping as an anti-inflammation therapy and immunomodulator in cancer patients
  5. Dry cupping for runners with plantar fasciitis
  6. Efficacy of wet cupping for sciatic pain
  7. Brief Dry Cupping for muscle soreness
  8. Safety of cupping on stroke survivors
  9. Effect of dry cupping for non-specific low back pain

STUDIES and ARTICLES

1. A study, titled Acupuncture and moxibustion combined with cupping for the treatment of post-herpetic neuralgia, published in Medicine Aug 2021, concluded: The effect of acupuncture and moxibustion combined with cupping in the treatment of PHN is significantly higher than that of conventional western medicine and it can significantly prevent the occurrence of PHN.

2.  A study titled The effects of Active Movement Myofascial Decompression Therapy and Static Myofascial Decompression Therapy on Range of Motion, Muscle strength, Functional Movement in Young Adults, published in Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine in Sept 2021 concludes: As a result of this experiment, both active movement myofascial decompression and static myofascial decompression had a positive effect on dependent variable. Therefore the study is meaningful in that it is easier and simpler to see the effect on flexibility, muscle strength, and functional movement just by implementing movement myofascial decompression.

3. A study titled An Experimental Study on the Pressure Range of Fire Cupping Method, published in Journal of Acupuncture Research in May 2021 concludes: Large glass cups which are widely used in clinical practice, when used in the fire cupping method exerted pressure ranging from -381.947 mmHG to -391.973 mm HG

4. A study titled Cupping Therapy as an Anti-inflammation Therapy and Immunomodulator in Cancer Patients, published in Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer in 2021, concludes: Similar to anti-inflammatory drugs, cupping therapy may be seen as an adjuvant therapeutic strategy to modulate host microenvironment by reducing inflammation and modulating immune system, all actions the could be useful in biological treatments, in cancer patients

5. A study titled Effectiveness of dry cupping on pain, dynamic balance and functional performance in recreational runners with chronic plantar fasciitis, published in Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Care in Aug 2021, found: Significant improvement were observed in both the groups (Dry cupping or conventional therapy). However, the dry cupping group showed significantly greater improvements as compared to control group. Significant group differences were illustrated for pain, dynamic balance, and functional performance.

6. A study titled Efficacy of Himajah bil-shart (Wet Cupping) on Irq Al-Nasa (Sciatic Pain): A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial, published in International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews in Oct 2021 concluded: Hijamah Bil-Shart (Wet Cupping) could be an effective therapy for the management of pain in patients of Irq al-Nasa (Sciatic pain) without any adverse effects.

7. A study titled Effects of Brief Dry Cupping on Muscle Soreness in the Gastrocnemius Muscle and Flexibility of the Ankle, published in Asian Journal of Kinesiology in 2021, concludes: Ninety seconds of dry cupping on the calf may reduce 24-hr muscle soreness after performing heel drops to exhaustion, but had no effect on ROM.

8. A study titled The effectiveness and safety of cupping therapy for stroke survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, published in DBpia in 2021 concludes: …the potential of CT to be beneficial in managing a variety of complications in stroke survivors.

9.  A study titled Effect of Dry Cupping Therapy on Pain and Functional Disability in Persistent Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial, published in Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies in 2021, concludes: Dry cupping was more effective in improving pain and functional disability in people with persistent nonspecific low back pain when compared to the sham

 

Here is some of the information I recently shared in the October newsletter. Each newsletter has a specific focus.  This newsletter is focused on foot pain and plantar fasciitis. If you would be interested in receiving my newsletters, which include links to the studies as well as special offers and sales coupons, please head over to my contact page and sign up.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

  1. Comparing toe separators and insoles in hallux valgus treatment
  2. Effect of Local Percutaneous radiofrequency for chronic plantar fasciitis
  3. Comparing stretching exercise and high-load strengtheing exercise
  4. Acute Kinetic and Kinematic differences between minimalist sandal, shod and barefoot running
  5. Comparing intralesional platelet rich plasma injection and extracorporeal shockwave therapy
  6. Functional evaluation and pain symptomatology or foot and ankle in severely obese
  7. Comparing splinting, exercise, and electrotherapy in hallux valgus
  8. Comparing phonophoresis and myofascial release in plantar fasciitis
  9. Comparing plantar fascia stretch and moist heat heel pad

The impact of anti-cancer treatment on feet

The Foot Tripod

STUDIES and ARTICLES

1. A study titled Comparison between the plantar pressure effects of toe separators and insoles in patients with hallux valgus at a one-month follow-up, published in Foot and Ankle Surgery Feb 2021, looked at the difference between prefabricated toe separators or customized insole. The study concluded: After one month of use, the customized insole was more effective in plantar pressure reduction than the toe separator for a hallux deformity.

2.  An article, titled Local Percutaneous Radiofrequency for Chronic Plantar Fasciitis, published in Arthroscopy Techniques in May 2021, compared the use of bipolar radio frequency treatment with open surgery and concludes: Bipolar radiofrequency appears to be a safe procedure for refractory plantar fasciitis that can provide outcomes equivalent to open plantar fascia release with less morbidity.

3. A study titled Physiotherapy Approach to Patients with Chronic Plantar Fasciitis: Comparison of the Effects of Specific Stretching Exercise and High-Load Strengthening Exercise, published in Journal of the Korean Society of Integrative Medicine in Sept 2021 compared Extracorporeal shock wave therapy combined with daily plantar-specific stretching with extracorporeal shock wave therapy and high-load progressive strength exercise every other day. The study concludes: the high-load strengthening exercise consisting of the progressive exercise protocol resulted in superior results after 12 weeks compared with plantar-specific stretching.

4. A small study, performed as a part of a Master’s Thesis at Stellenbosch University, titled Acute Kinetic and Kinematic Differences between Minimalist Sandal, Shod, and Barefoot Running in Habitually Shod Male Recreational Trail Runners, concludes: minimalist running simulates barefoot running. Vertical load rates may be higher in a barefoot and minimalist sandal condition during the initial transition period because of a lack of kinematic changes at the knee.

5. A study titled A comparative study between intralesional platelet rich plasma injection and extracorporeal shockwave therapy for the treatment of plantar fasciitis, published in Journal of Arthroscopy and Joint Surgery in Sept 2021, concludes:Both autologous Platelet Rich  Plasma and extracorporeal shock wave therapy can become extremely useful modalities for management of recalcitrant cases of plantar fasciitis with no known adverse effects.

6. A study, titled Functional evaluation and pain symptomatology of the foot and ankle in individuals with severe obesity—controlled transversal study, published in Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo) in Apr 2021, concludes: the incidence of foot pain was higher in the group of severely obese patients (BMI >40) compared with the control group. According to the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society scale, functional forefoot, mid foot, and hind foot performance was worse in severely obese individuals.

7. A study titled A comparison of the effectiveness of splinting, exercise, and electrotherapy in women patients with hallux valgus: A randomized clinical trial, published in The Foot in Sept 2021, concludes:
    Conservative treatment methods improve foot function in patients with mild to moderate Hallux Valgus
    Splinting was more effective than exercise and electrotherapy in the management of Hallux Valgus.
    A combination of splinting, exercise and electrotherapy may be more beneficial to improve Hallux Valgus symptoms.

8. A study titled Effect of phonophoresis and myofascial release in plantar fasciitis, published in Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics in 2021 concludes: phonophoresis was found to be more helpful than myofacial release in lowering pain and improving functional status.

9.  A study titled A comparative study to analyze the effect of plantar fascia stretch and heel pad with moist heat in the patients of plantar fasciitis, published in Global Journal of Medical and Clinical Short Communications in Aug 2021, concludes: plantar fascia stretch has more significant effect on plantar fasciitis than heel pad with moist heat.

TIDBITS, UPDATES, and RESOURCES

REFERENCE

  1. An article, found at iocp.org.uk, titled The Impact of Anti-cancer treatment on feet by Afni Shah-Hamilton in spring 2021, is a great reference on the effects of chemotherapy on the feet and how those challenges may be treated.                                                     
  2. A great facebook post, by Michael Mcaleese, titled The Foot Tripod shows the importance of standing on the whole foot, not just the heel or toes.

 

Here is some of the information I recently shared in the September newsletter. Each newsletter has a specific focus.  This newsletter is focused on fascia, myofascia, and trigger points. If you would be interested in receiving my newsletters, which include links to the studies as well as special offers and sales coupons, please head over to my contact page and sign up.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

  1. Dry needling vs trigger point manual therapy for myofascial pain
  2. Scalene Trigger Points: The Great Imitators
  3. Dry needling vs dry needling with intramuscular electrical stimulation
  4. Dry needling decreases hamstring tightness
  5. Positional release therapy for the treatment of upper TRapezius trigger points
  6. Effect of ice massage with integrated nauromuscular inhibition technique
  7. Kinesio Tape on fascia for muscle activity
  8. Suboccipital muscle inhibition technique on hamstring tightness
  9. Iliacus trigger point release affects angle of anterior pelvic tilt
  10. Comparison of ischemic compression therapy vs deep friction massage for trigger points.

STUDIES and ARTICLES

1. A article titled Comparison of dry needling and trigger point manual therapy in patients with neck and upper back myofascial pain syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis, published in Sep 2020 in Journal of Manual and Manipulative Therapy, concludes: both dry needling and trigger point manual therapy improve pain and function in the short to medium term. Neither is more superior than the other.

2.  An excellent review article titled Scalene Trigger Points: The Great Imitators by Donald Murphy in Dynamic Chiropractic, explains the different types of manifestation of active trigger points in the scalene muscles.

3. A study titled Rate and maintenance of improvement of myofascial pain with dry needling alone vs dry needling with intramuscular electrical stimulation: a randomized controlled trial, published in Sep 2020 in Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy concludes: dry needling and dry needling with intramuscular electrical stiumlation demonstrated improvement and maintenance in disability and pain for 6 weeks. No differences in improvement of disability or pain existed between the groups at week 6 or 12.

4. A study titled Dry needling for hamstring flexibility: A single-blind randomized controlled trial, published in Journal of Sport Rehabilitation in Oct 2020 concludes: Dry needling is effective in improving hamstring flexibility compared with static stretching. One session of dry needling can be an effective treatment for hamstring tightness and increasing flexibility.

5. A study titled Positional release therapy for the treatment of upper Trapezius trigger points, published in Clinical Images and Case Report Journal in Oct 2020, concludes: Positional release therapy was found to be effective in the treatment of upper Trapezius trigger points as it significantly increases cervical reange of motion and reduction of pain.

6. A study titled Effect of ice massage with integrated neuromuscular inhibition technique on pain and function in subjects with mechanical neck pain: randomized controlled trial, publsihed in Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy in Nov 2020, concludes: ice massage and integrated neuromuscular inhibition technique are effective methods in managing active trigger points in the upper Trapezius of person having mechnical neck pain without statistically significant difference.

7. A study titled Kinesio tape for Fascia on Trunk Muscle Activity during Plank, published in Oct 2020 in J For Phys Ther, concludes: K applying on the fasciaw of trageted muscle increases the muscle activity. Therefore, we cna also focus on the fascia to increase muscle activities, not only on muscles.

8. A study titled Effect of Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition Technique on Hamstring Tightness in Healthy Adults-An Interventional Study, published in Oct 2020 compared suboccipital muscle inhibition technique and static stretching to static stretching along. The study concludes: suboccipital muscle inhibition technique is effective in improving flexibiliyt of hamstring muscle.

9.  A study titled Evaluation of the impact of ilacus trigger points on angle of pelvic inclination in healthy individuals, published in Nov 2016 and presented at the Global Physiotherapy Congress in Florida by Emil Mete of Istanbul Medeniyet University, was focused on the effect of the Iliacus trigger point on the angle of anterior pelvic tilt. The study concludes: after iliacus trigger point release a significant decrease was found in the angle of anterior pelvic tilt, a decrease was found in the Thomas test, and an increase was found in pain pressure threshold.10.  A study titled Comparison between effects of ischemic compression therapy and deep friction massage therapy for trigger points in neck and upper back, published in Jun 2020 in JRCRS, concludes: ...ischemic compression is more effective than deep friction massage in patients with MTrP's in the neck and upper back for decreasing pain and disability, but for increasing cervical ROM, both therapuetic approaches are equally useful.

10.  A study titled Comparison between effects of ischemic compression therapy and deep friction massage therapy for trigger points in neck and upper back, pubnlished in Jun 2020 in JRCRS concludes: ...ischemic compression is more effective than deep friction massage in patients with MTrP's in the neck and upper back for decreasing pain and disability, but for increasing cervical ROM, both therapuetic approaches are equally useful.

Here is some of the information I recently shared in the August newsletter. Each newsletter has a specific focus.  This newsletter is focused on the lymphatic system and lymph drainage therapy. If you would be interested in receiving my newsletters, which include links to the studies as well as special offers and sales coupons, please head over to my contact page and sign up.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

  1. Lipossage Endermologie vs Monopolar Radiofrequency on Cellulite
  2. MLD used to treat symptoms of neuro disease
  3. Use of KT to treat chronic knee pain
  4. Effects of lymphatic drainage on autonomic nervous system
  5. Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Therapy after lipoabdominoplasty
  6. Negative Pressure massage for cancer-related lymphedema
  7. Effect of MLD on muscle tone, pain and depression in breast cancer
  8. Hot compress vs Hot ginger compress for breast engorgement
  9. Psychiatric disorders and immune responses intertwined
  10. Use of MLD on musculoskeletal injuries

REFERENCES

  1. Anatomy review of the lymphatics of the meningeal system
  2. Anatomy of the mouth lymphatic organs
  3. Tattoo ink presents as calcifications in axillary lymph nodes

STUDIES and ARTICLES

1. A study titled Lipomassage Endermologie versus Monopolar Radiofrequency on Cellulite in Females, published in PJMHS July 2020 concludes: Both Monopolar radio frequency therapy and Lipomassage Endermologie were found to be safe, effective, and available at the selected dose. However, Monopolar radio frequency therapy was superior to Lipomassage Endermologie in reducing cellulite.

2.  A study, titled Investigation of the Less Known Effects of Manual Lymphatic Drainage: A Narrative Review, published in Lymphatic Research and Biology, Mar 2021, concludes;  MLD can be used in symptomatic treatment of various diseases (multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease).

3. A study, Current evidence does support the use of KT to treat chronic knee pain in short term: A systematic review and meta-analysis, published in Pain Research and Management in 2021 concludes: KT is essential to relieve chronic knee pain and prevent massive use injuries in patients with chronic knee pain but not in a long-term effects…could be temporarily used in practice for exercise or rehabilitation training.

4. A study titled Effects of lymphatic drainage therapy on autonomic nervous system responses in healthy subjects: A single blind randomized controlled trial, published in Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies Jul 2021 concludes: study demonstrated that LDT decreased autonomic activity via decreased spinal reflex excitability and tension in healthy participants.

5. A study, Influences of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Therapy on Edema and Postoperative Patient’s Satisfaction after Lipoabdominoplasty published in Aesthetic Plastic Surgery in Apr 2021 concluded: the application of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression therapy while wearing a compression garment was superior as compared to compression garment alone in reaching the abdominal edema and improving postoperative patent satisfaction following lipoabdominoplasty.

6. A small study titled Treatment of breast cancer-related lymphedema using negative pressure massage: A Pilot randomized controlled trial, published in Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in Aug 2021 concludes:  compared to MLD, treatment with NPMT resulted in greater improvement in L-Dex scores and inter limb volume difference in women with a duration of unilateral upper limb LE of >1 year.

7. A study titled Manual Lymphatic Drainage on the Muscle Tone, Pain, and Depression in patient with breast cancer published in Journal of the Korean Society of Integrative Medicine in 2021 concludes:  MLD is an effective method for reducing muscle tone, pain, and depression in patients with breast cancer. 

8.  A study titled Comparing the effects of hot compress and hot ginger compress on pain associated with breast engorgement, published in Nursing and Midwifery Studies in 2021 concludes: Hot ginger compress is more effective than hot compress in reducing breast engorgement pain among breastfeeding women.

9.  A paper titled Immunoceptive inference: why are psychiatric disorders and immune responses intertwined, published in Biol Philos in 2021 details the relationship between immune responses and the physiology of the brain and concludes:  interoceptive inference claims the brain is continuously updating productions about, and acting upon, the body it inhabit. In our formulation, the body itself ( in this case, the immune system) is seen as furnishing precision of —and acting upon—sensory input, informing “beliefs” about whether an antigen belongs to the category of “self” or “non self.”In so doing, we have highlighted three practical contributions (translation, unification, and simulation ) of the active inference framework…we suggested that it is inevitable that two systems within the same Markov blanket influence each other.

10.  A study titled The use of manual lymphatic drainage on clinical presentation of musculoskeletal injuries: A systematic review published in Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice in 2021 concludes:  Manual lymphatic drainage is as effective as other treatment modalities to reduce edema, manual lymphatic drainage may be used to improve clinical presentation of musculoskeletal injuries, and manual lymphatic drainage may be used alone or combined to other treatment modalities.

REFERENCES

  1. An anatomy review of the lymphatics of the meningeal system is in-depth and backed by studies.  It is titled:  Meningeal lymphatic vessels: their morphology, location, and clinical implications, published in EUR J Anat in 2021
  2. A review of the anatomy of the mouth which is very thorough and understandable, titled Anatomy and physiology of the palatine tonsils, adenoids, and lingual tonsils published in World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery in July 2021 is helpful for anyone working on the head and neck.
  3. An information article titled Ink on the move: tattoo pigment resembling axillary lymph node calcifications, published in Clinical Imaging in 2021 highlights:  a)Tattoo pigment may mimic calcifications in axillary lymph nodes; b)  tattoo pigment should be considered in the differential diagnosis of axillary lymph node densities, and c) recognizing pigment migration may help breast radiologists form an appropriate differential diagnosis. 

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